Clinical Trials

  • OnabotulinumtoxinA in resistant depression: a randomized trial comparing two facial injection sites (OnaDEP study)

    Depression and Anxiety
    2024
    Caroline Ceolato-Martin, Claire Chevallier-Collins, Jean-Pierre Clément, Eric Charles, Aurélie Lacroix and Danièle Ranoux

  • A novel approach to treating post-stroke depression: administration of botulinum toxin A via local facial injection

    Frontiers in Neurology
    2024
    Xiao-Yan Feng, Ting-Ting Shen, Qian-Chang Wu, Jun Wang, Ping Ni, Jing Liu, Xu-Ping Zhou, Hua Hu and Wei-Feng Luo

  • Treatment of neuropsychiatric symptoms in Parkinson’s disease with botulinum toxin A: a 12-week randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial

    Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry and Neurology
    2024
    Xiaofeng Zhu, Ming Wei, Lijun Wang, Qiang Tong, Xiu Yang and Qiu Han

  • Botulinum Toxin A Therapy for Glabellar Lines Improves Emotional States: Evaluation of 47 Cases without Mental Disorders

    Journal of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
    2023
    Hiromi Hanayama, Jun Tada, Hiroto Terashi

  • Botulinum toxin A (BoNT/A) for the treatment of depression: A randomized, double-blind, placebo, controlled trial in China

    Journal of Affective Disorders
    2022
    Li et al

  • The safety and efficacy of botulinum toxin A on the treatment of depression

    Brain and Behavior
    2021
    Qilin Zhang et al

  • Effects of botulinum toxin type a on mood and cognitive function in patients with parkinson’s disease and depression

    Am J Transl Res
    2021
    Changzheng Zhu, Kuijie Wang, Ting Yu, Huaqing

  • Botulinum toxin relieves anxiety and depression in patients with hemifacial spasm and blepharospasm

    Neuropsychiatric Disease and Treatment
    2019
    Hongjuan Dong et al

  • OnabotulinumtoxinA for the treatment of major depressive disorder: a phase 2 randomized, double-blind, placebo- controlled trial in adult females

    International Clinical Psychopharmacology
    2019
    Mitchell F. Brin et al

  • Emotional proprioception: Treatment of depression with afferent facial feedback

    Journal of Psychiatric Research
    2016
    Eric Finzi, Norman E. Rosenthal

  • Efficacy of Botox versus Placebo for Treatment of Patients with Major Depression

    Iran J Public Health
    2016
    Zamanian et al

  • Treatment of Major Depressive Disorder Using Botulinum Toxin A: A 24-Week Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Study

    J Clin Psychiatry
    2014
    Magid et al

  • Treatment of depression with onabotulinumtoxinA: A randomized, double-blind, placebo controlled trial

    Journal of Psychiatric Research
    2013
    Eric Finzi, Norman E. Rosenthal

  • Facing depression with botulinum toxin: A randomized controlled trial

    M. Axel Wollmer et al
    2012
    Journal of Psychiatric Research

  • Botulinum toxin in the treatment of resistant depressive disorder: Comparison of two facial injection sites

    Poster (unpublished)
    2022
    Ceolato et al

Mechanism of Action

  • Amygdala biomarkers of treatment response in major depressive disorder: An fMRI systematic review of SSRI antidepressants

    Psychiatry Research: Neuroimaging
    2024

    Vanessa K. Tassone, Fatemeh Gholamali Nezhad, Ilya Demchenko, Alice Rueda, Venkat Bhat

  • Modulation of amygdala activity for emotional faces due to botulinum toxin type A injections that prevent frowning

    Scientific Reports
    2023
    Shauna Stark, Craig Stark, Brian Wong and Mitchell F. Brin

  • Neurocircuitry underlying the antidepressant effect of retrograde facial botulinum toxin in mice

    Cell and Biosience
    2023
    Linhui Ni et al

  • Botulinum Toxin Treatment for Depression: A New Paradigm for Psychiatry

    Toxins
    2023
    Eric Finzi

  • Botox (onabotulinumtoxinA) mechanism of action

    Medicine
    2022
    Mitchell F. Brin, MD and Rami Burstein, PhD

  • Postmarketing safety surveillance data reveals antidepressant efects of botulinum toxin across various indications and injection sites

    Scientific Reports
    2020
    Tigran Makunts et al

  • Eyelid opening with trigeminal proprioceptive activation regulates a brainstem arousal mechanism

    PLOS ONE
    2015
    Kiyoshi Matsuo, Ryokuya Ban, Yuki Hama and Shunsuke Yuzuriha

  • Botulinum toxin-induced facial muscle paralysis affects amygdala responses to the perception of emotional expressions: preliminary findings from an A-B-A design

    Biology of Mood and Anxiety Disorders
    2014
    Kim et al

  • Occupancy of serotonin transporters in the amygdala by paroxetine in association with attenuation of left amygdala activation by negative faces in major depressive disorder

    Psychiatry Research: Neuroimaging
    2014

    Henricus G. Ruhé, Michiel Koster, Jan Booij, Marcel van Herk, Dick J. Veltman, Aart H. Schene

  • Successful Pharmacologic Treatment of Major Depressive Disorder Attenuates Amygdala Activation to Negative Facial Expressions: A Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging Study

    Journal of Clinical Psychiatry
    2011

    Henricus G. Ruhé, Jan Booij, Dick J. Veltman, Martin C. Michel, Aart H. Schene

  • The Link between Facial Feedback and Neural Activity within Central Circuitries of Emotion—New Insights from Botulinum Toxin-Induced Denervation of Frown Muscles

    Cerebral Cortex
    2009
    Hennelotter et al

  • Facial EMG Activity Levels Predict Treatment Outcome in Depression

    Psychiatry Research
    1984

    John F. Greden, H. Laurence Price, Nancy Genero, Michael Feinberg, Simon Levine

  • Facial Electromyography as a Predictor of Treatment Outcome in Depression

    British Journal of Psychiatry
    1981

    Robert M. Carney, Barry A. Hong, Michael F. O’Connell, Henry Amado

  • Facial Muscle Patterning to Affective Imagery in Depressed and Nondepressed Subjects

    Science
    1976

    Gary E. Schwartz, Paul L. Fair, Patricia Salt, Michel R. Mandel, Gerald L. Klerman

Meta-analysis

  • Botulinum toxin for the management of depression: An updated review of the evidence and meta-analysis

    Journal of Psychiatric Research
    2021
    Jara Schulze, Insa Neumann, Michelle Magid, Eric Finzi, Christopher Sinke, M. Axel Wollmer, Tillmann H.C. Krüger

  • High efficacy of onabotulinumtoxinA treatment in patients with comorbid migraine and depression: a meta-analysis

    Journal of Translational Medicine
    2021
    Oreste Afatato et al

Animal Models

  • Antidepressant-Like Properties of Intrastriatal Botulinum Neurotoxin-A Injection in a Unilateral 6-OHDA Rat Model of Parkinson’s Disease

    Toxins
    2021
    Veronica Antipova et al

  • Unilateral facial injection of Botulinum neurotoxin A attenuates bilateral trigeminal neuropathic pain and anxiety-like behaviors through inhibition of TLR2-mediated neuroinflammation in mice

    Journal of Headache and Pain
    2021
    Wei-Jia Chen et al

  • Antidepressant-Like Action of Single Facial Injection of Botulinum Neurotoxin A is Associated with Augmented 5-HT Levels and BDNF/ERK/CREB Pathways in Mouse Brain

    Neuroscience Bulletin
    2019
    Yang Li et al

Commentary

  • Commentary on Brin et al (2019) clinical trial studying OnabotulinumtoxinA for the treatment of major depressive disorder

    Eric Finzi
    2022

  • The Need for Alternative Treatments for Depression

    Sebastian De Beurs
    2022